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original page of Resource Guide is
http://purl.org/NET/cerif-daml
RESOURCE GUIDE
- Resource
Guide to Metadata for Science and Research
-
Metadata for Science News
- Metadata.
General issues.
- Metadata.
Science, Research, Technology
-
General
research metadata standards
-
Educational metadata standards
-
Specific scientific metadata standards
-
Industrial research, innovations
-
Metadata databases.
-
Value-added metadata
-
Glossaries, Vocabularies,
Thesauri
-
SHOE Ontologies for Research and Technology
- OIL
Ontologies for CRIS
-
DAML
Ontologies for Research and Education
-
Ontolingua Ontologies for Science
-
Implementation of metadata for science
- Development
and usage of metadata
Due to the exponential growth of information, there are a number of problems
arising in information access, management, retrieval. To tackle these
problems there is a strong need in advanced forms of organization of
information.
One of the forms of information organization is a description of
information by metadata -
structured data describing information or characteristics of information
items. Metadata standards define how information maybe described,
which values and how may be attributed to information items, which
classification can be used for classification of information items or
values of attributes.
A number of metadata standards and classifications for Research and
Technology appeared. References
on some of them
CERIF or Common European Research Information
Format is a data model
and set of guidelines
for developing Information Systems for research and technology.
CERIF is recommended by CORDIS
Introductions into CERIF
- K. Jeffery, "ERGO:
European Research Gateways Online and CERIF: Computerised Exchange of
Research Information Format", ERCIM News No.35 - October 1998
- Presentation
of CERIF by Keith Jeffery
CERIF homepage.
CERIF Task Group
CERIF
"The major
design objectives for the CERIF 2000 data model are to provide:
- A full CRIS data model with flexibility to allow the majority of existing
CRIS to accommodate their own database structures;
- A base framework for data exchange.
As
with all information systems these objectives are not 100% compatible in terms
of a single data model. For example, a data model covering all existing CRIS
database structures would not be a very practical model for data exchange, as
not all CRIS would be interested in every piece of data from every other CRIS.
The
approach therefore in meeting the design objectives is threefold:
-
To define a full CRIS data model which will cover the
database structures of the majority of existing CRIS;
-
To define a set of data models which could provide
examples for data exchange (since there are an infinity of possible exchange
data models between CRIS). These example data models also illustrate that it
is not necessary to implement the full CRIS data model if the requirement is
for only a particular subset;
-
To define a metadata data model to provide a uniform
summary-level view over heterogeneous information sources.
"
CERIF data model covers such types of entities as persons, projects,
publications, research results, patents, equipment etc.
There are several kinds of CERIF-2000
implementation suggested by CORDIS -
Relational database, Object-Oriented, Information Retrieval, RDF/XML. Advanteges
and disadvantages of each kind of implementation described in CERIF-2000
Guidelines chapter "7.4
Implementation scenarios".
Current main direction of CERIF development lead by Andrei
Lopatenko
- CERIF-GAV - implementation of information retrieval system based
on distributed database technology with Global-As-View approach. For
efficient retrieval of data from distributed, not very diverse in
semantic and structure databases
- draft
- CERIF-SW - Semantic Web for transparent access to distributed
heterogeneous sources of scientific information. This solution also
includes Description Logic approach for advanced information
retrieval.
- see Semantic Web and CERIF part if this guide
- DL approach
- CERIF-WS - Web Services - to provide transport level protocol
for Semantic Web solution and for compatibility of CERIF with
emerging enterprise standards
- current state - CERIF SOAP server implemented
- CERIF-EP - enterprise portal - building enterprise portal for
R&D organizations. Lead by Rutherford Appleton Lab - Prof.
Keith Jeffery, Dr. R. Stewart.
- CERIF-XML Data Exchange. Very related to CERIF-SW and CERIF-WS
solutions, to provide data exchange facilities for R&S systems
- XML schemas implemented for the prototype see GAV draft
CORDIS suggests developed relational database for CERIS-2000. There are
several versions of CERIF database are published.
In AURIS-MM we tried to develop Relational database
implementation of CRIS based on CERIF-2000 and found out that there are a
number of errors in CERIF-2000 oracle DDL file suggested by CORDIS.
Description of the errors I found and actions to correct them are described here
(6 July 2001)
My revisited version of CERIF. (Version of 6th July
2001 ). This version of CERIF can be downloaded into Oracle database without
errors at database creation stage.
There is the next set of found errors(9th
July 2001) and action to correct them
The last my revisited version of
CERIF-2000 database for Oracle
(9
July 2001 ). There are no inconsistencies of check constraints and data types in
this version.
Description of CERIF-2000 entities and
attributes generated by Oracle Designer 6i
CERIF-2000 actively use vocabularies for classifying events,
publications, expertise skills and other entities. Complete description of CERIF-2000 vocabularies
in CERIF
guidelines, CERIF-2000
Subject Indexing
In CERIF SQL file for Oracle vocabularies are defined as a check
constraints, constraining sets of values of different type, status tables.
But in CERIF DDL there is no real content of vocabulary tables, so it is
need be inputted manually, what requires time and efforts.
Here you can download SQL files for populating CERIF-2000 vocabulary
tables with a real content. You can run this file in
Oracle SqlPlus
One of the ways to present information about research is multimedia
presentations. Now more and more information presented as videos (
advanced visualization), audio and so on. CERIF-2000 does not allow to
describe multimedia elements. To describe multimedia information
about research ER (Entity-Relationship) diagram, database schema (extension to
CERIF) and RDF Schema, Java Server Pages are developed.
Multimedia enhancement for CERIF is not part of CERIF-2000 standard,
but independent module which can be used for any CERIF-2000 compatible database
or independent system. The only dependence on CERIF is foreign keys from table
MultimediaElements to Person, Project, Event, Orgunit tables of CERIF, and
foreign key form multimedia_titles to cerif.language.
Some attributes of ER diagram for Multimedia are not included into RDF
Schema. We advice to use Dublin Core RDF Schema.
- ER Model for Multimedia
- Oracle Designer Report for ER diagram for Multimedia
1,
2
- Database Schema for multimedia
- RDF Schema for multimedia
- Visualization of RDF Schema for
multimedia by
Rudolh
- Visualization of RDF Schema for
multimedia by W3 RDF Validator
- Example of RDF description of
multimedia
- Visualization of RDF example
- Classification and description multimedia. Ontology (0.1 version).
html,
OilEd RDFS,
oil,
daml + oil,
sql
- Graphical presentation of
multimedia classification (generated from DAML + OIL ontology by
FRODO RDFSViz )
- Multimedia creation in
AURIS-MM
Community of Science is one of the
leading providers of research information. COS has a number of
services helping researchers find
funding, promote their results and expertise. For description researchers COS
has more sophisticated researcher profiles then CERIF-2000. To make possible
description of COS-compatible researcher's expertise in CERIF databases we
suggest extension module for CERIF-2000
RDF examples might seem incorrect according to
RDF Model and syntax
specification (W3C Recommendation 22 February 1999). As example,
containers specified in a different way. In creation of RDF examples, new
RDF developments were used
rdf-containers-syntax-ambiguity,
rdf-containers-syntax-vs-schema.
Jena parser
already handles new RDF developments.
- ER Model for COS-compatible
researcher's profile
- Entity and Attributes report
- Database definition report
- Database schema for COS-compatible like researcher's profile
(Oracle) sql,
sqs, tab,
ind, con
- RDF Schema for COS-like researcher's profile
- To specify contact, name, organization name, role, title information
I recommend to use
Representing vCard v3.0 in RDF schema
- RDF Simple example for COS-compatible
researcher's profile.
- Visualization of RDF Schema for for COS-compatible researcher's
profile
- Visualization of RDF simple example
for for COS-compatible researcher's profile by
Rudolh
- Architecture of AURIS-MM for Community
of Science proposal
CERIF CRIS as gateway and portal
- ER Model for description of research information site (based
on Dublin Core, UDDI, RSS)
- UML Model for description of research information site
(based on Dublin Core, UDDI, RSS)
- Entity and attributes report
- Database schema for description of research information site
(based on Dublin Core, UDDI, RSS) 1 ,2
,3, 4
- RDF Schema for description of research information site (based
on Dublin Core, UDDI, RSS)
- RDF Examples
- Very simple N3 RDF Example of
description
http://www.tuwien.ac.at according to RSS
- Syndication methods, examples
- Software Library
for very simple and easy to learn RSS generation
CERIF and description of research policies, activities
- DAML + OIL ontology
The version of 14 November 2001. Very short
News
26 January 2001. CERIF-2000 ontology revisited.
New version, version
for OilEd (RDFS + some OIL Extensions), HTML.
Sample date [projects,
persons, organizations] for CERIF-2002 ontology. CERIF-2002
Commentary: CERIF ontology does not have such classes as PhD
student, faculty member, professor, which are defined in other
ontologies for research information (University ontology of J. Hefflin,
Semantic Web Research Community ontology, or science ontology) or ontology
of science by Fred Freitas. The aim of CERIF ontology is to provide
general description of metadata for interoperable solutions between
different research bodies in different countries, research communities or
research organizations (both public and private). So any specific terms
are excluded. Mappings or definitions of specific terms in terms of CERIF
will be included into future CERIF ontology extensions
For research information systems the new knowledge technology can help
to solve the following problems:
- research data usage coming from domains with different architectures
published by different group of researchers,
- usage of different vocabularies in different research and
policy-maker communities, complexity of requests for
information,
- needs to understand actuality and completeness of information,
- organizing large sets of heterogeneous data objects.
It is also very important for R&D services to provide a targeted
delivery of information to persons who need it without information noise.
A solution would be to formalize the users' demands for information and
matching them with the available information.
Generally, knowledge technologies are technologies for knowledge
presentation, retrieval, reasoning.
Excellent results for solving the above problems - integration of
heterogeneous sources, development knowledge bases, matching user demands
and stored information, congruentness of information system - were
achieved in Global Information system community, Federated Databases,
Description Logics community. Such projects like TSIMMIS, Observer, Carnot,
Information Manifold, InfoSleuth, SIMS, HERMES, Garlic and lot of others
could be good examples.
It is a strong need to develop such knowledge solution for Research
Information Systems. But due to a large number of such system, the
integration of them with the web, and the need for simplicity of
technologies, the best way is to use Semantic
Web technologies.
Our first objective is to test Semantic Web technologies for CRIS,
could these technologies be used for knowledge presentation, retrieval,
reasoning for Research Information. If they really can be used then our
next goal is to develop a knowledge structure embracing for CRIS systems.
So Austrian public research information will better serve the information
needs of researchers, policy-makes, investors.
From
Scientific publishing on the 'semantic web' by T. Berners-Lee, James
Handler
"In the long run, the effects on publishing may be far more profound.
There is an eternal conflict between operating rapidly as a small group
and taking the time to communicate more widely. The former is more
efficient but produces a subculture whose concepts and results are not
understood by others. The latter can be painfully slow. The world works as
a spectrum between these extremes, with a tendency to start small - from
the personal idea - and filter over time towards a wider commonality of
concept. The joining together of subcultures when there is a need for a
wider common language is an essential process in the development of human
communication.
The semantic web will facilitate the development of automated methods
for helping users to understand the content produced by those in other
scientific disciplines. On the semantic web, one will be able to produce
machine-readable content that will provide, say, automated translation
between the output of a scientific device and the input of a datamining
package used in some other discipline, or a self-evolving translator that
allows one group of scientists to directly interact with the technical
data produced by another.
These new products will allow users to create relationships that allow
communication when the commonality of concept has not (yet) led to a
commonality of terms. The semantic web will provide unifying underlying
technologies to allow these concepts to be progressively linked into a
universal web of knowledge, and will therefore help to break down the walls
erected by lack of communication, and allow researchers to find and
understand products from other scientific disciplines. The very notion of a
journal of medicine separate from a journal of bioinformatics, separate from
the writings of physicists, chemists, psychologists and even kindergarten
teachers, will someday become as out of date as the print journal is
becoming to our graduate students."
Semantic
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines for Current Research Information Systems (CRIS)
and Web content developers of research relevant information at the universities
and research institutions (MS
Word version) (June 2001)
OIL Ontology for CERIF-2000 DAML-OIL
Ontology for CERIF-2000 HTML Presentation of CERIF-2000
Ontology (06 July 2001)
Simple demonstration of
publishing data from CERIF database into RDF
The main
intention of joint CERIF + XXX(where XXX is a Math-Net, KA2, UMD.edu
for universities, EPA - USA Environment Protection Agency) ontology development is the development
of data access to data described in different formats then CERIF-2000 metadata
format. Describing terms and vocabularies of those metadata
formats in CERIF terms will allow to include data described in that
formats into AURIS-MM network.
As example homepages, publication, projects, pages of projects can be
described in German using Math-Net metadata format, based on DublinCore
metadata set. Math-Net metadata format, intended for description of
research information, is a different from CERIF. But German informational
resources have a real value for Austrian researchers - potential users
of AURIS-WW, and it would be worth to make them accessible also
through AURIS-MM. Some researcher in Austria can use Math-Net metadata set
and AURIS-MM should not lack information about their research.
If a page is tagged as "Software Library" by
Math-Net schema, it would be good if researchers could find it search for
"Result products" of CERIF. If a page tagged as a
"Bibliographic Search" by Math-Net schema, it is interesting for
researchers looking for services of institutes, and looking for
publications.
Even we gathered information about pages and other information
resources with their Math-Net descriptions, how to make this
information classified and searchable in terms of AURIS-MM (CERIF).
To do it, we develop ontologies, including terms from different
vocabularies (CERIF and others, as example, Math-Net) and describing
relation between terms of this vocabularies.
As example
In CERIF + Math-Net it is described that Math-Net
News covered by CERIF
Event
It means that any page tagged as a "News"
(it Math-Net, News maybe Conferences ,Position, ScheduleOfEvents
) in Math-Net contains information about resource/resources which
are Event or Events for CERIF. So if researcher ask
AURIS-MM to find pages about scientific or academician event, among data
and pages inputted and registered according CERIF, one will get also links
to Math-Net tagged page.
There several methods of development
ontology-based integration of information systems (see E.
Mena, V. Kashyap, A. Sheth, A. Illarramendi, "Observer:
An Approach for Query Processing in Global Information Systems based on
Interoperation across Pre-existing Ontologies", International Journal
Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1998)
- A global ontology-based approach. The domain
ontologies are integrated into one global ontology and it is
partitioned into microtheories. Very difficult for support
approach and maybe impossible in current CRIS
- A group of "loosely coupled" approaches
advocated in "Observer:..."
where instead of integrating the pre-existing ontologies,
interoperation between them is achieved via terminological
relationships represented between terms across the ontologies.
In AURIS-MM we try to implement second approach for CRIS
OIL Ontology for
CERIF + DublinCore and Math-Net
metadata set (July 22th 2001)
DAML
+ Oil Ontology for CERIF + DublinCore and Math-Net
metadata set (July 22th 2001)
HTML presentation of CERIF + DC and
Math-Net ontology (July 22th 2001) (Unfortunately, OilEd did not
generate html presentation of full ontology, so it is cut on his page)
RDF for researcher's profiles (based on
Community of Science's researcher description).
Example, Graphical representation of example
RDF Schema for CERIF (specified in W3 and
Ontoknowledge terms)(06 July 2001)
RDF Schema for CERIF (specified in W3 terms)(06 July 2001)
RDF Schema for CERIF (1
May 2001 )
OIL Ontology for CERIF and KA2(Ontobroker)
combined (included ontology of Dieter Fensel)
HTML presentation of Ontology for CERIF and
KA2(Ontobroker) combined (included ontology of Dieter Fensel)
The old version of CERIF RDF Schema (May
2001)
RDF schema and extended application profiles framework for
developing domain specific metadata for research and science. RDF schema was
proposed as a data encoding tool for data presentation and data exchange between
Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) at 9th
EuroCRIS platform meeting. RDF Schema for CERIF is a part of framework (html
presentation) for developing data integration solutions for Information System for
Science.
Some RDF about Austrian projects
(more human understood, but some parsers does not understand abbreviated
syntax), another RDF presentation.
Some projects and persons of Vienna University and Technology
DAML File, projects and orgunits
DAML file
Ortelius presentation as ontology,
ontology for CRIS description
Distributed database
technologies for CERIF-2000
Additional information about
semantic retrieval of research data (paper for conference)
Toolkit for querying RDF Data (RDQL (Jena),
RQL (Sesame, FORTH) compatible)
How to deal with vocabulary.
How to accumulate new thesaurus, provided by data source
If information seeker vocabulary is different from data source vocabulary
How to investigate relation between terms inside vocabulary and between
vocabularies
How to represent vocabulary terms in visual forms for data request.
Visual interface for querying RDF data
Once the metadata describing research information are published, they should
be harvested for creating informational research base. There are several
possible ways to do it:
Use of content dissemination technologies based on functional API or sets of
request over HTTP, such as Metadata Harvesting protocol of
Open Archives Initiative
Crawling the web using information about scattered RDF/metadata
databases.
The technology to facilitate the efficient dissemination of
content. Current
primary application of OAI is interoperabilty of Research Information
systems to open up much broader access to digital materials about research,
especially e-prints.
OAI managed by Steering Committee (policy decisions) and Technical Committee
(interoperability infrastructure). Main coordinators are Herbert Van de
Sompel and Carl Lagoze, at Cornell University.
"Support for Open Archives Initiative activities comes from the Digital
Library Federation and the Coalition for Networked Information. Additional
support for work on Open Archives Initiatives protocols comes from National
Science Foundation Grant No. IIS-9817416 and Defense Advanced Projects
Agency Grant No. N66001-98-1-8908." OAI FAQ
OAI protocol allow information systems to
browse each other collections of metadata describing information
resource
find out each metadata standards use other system
interchange metadata
OAI implemented as a protocol over HTTP. OAI and other participants in OAI
provide a number of software tools for publishing data through OAI, data
access and harvesting data from other repositores.
CRIS can use OAI beeing
Data Provider - publishing data so end-users using repository browser or
other CRIS can use its data
Service Provide - using the metadata of other CRIS for building
value-added services
Data Harvester - harvesting research data from other CRIS for own needs
The OAI is not intented to replace such technologies such as Z39.50 or LDAP,
but it is an easy-to-implement and easy-to-deploy alternative to develop
interoperable solutions (for CRIS, as example)
Currently about or more 35 system use OAI, among them American
Philosophical Society, Caltech Computer Science Technical, arXiv (advanced
system by supported National Science Foundation for access to articles and
e-prints in Physics, Mathematics and Computer Science )
OAI homepage http://www.openarchives.org
OAI FAQ
http://www.openarchives.org/faq.htm
Overview paper
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/papers/oai-jcdl.pdf
OAI protocol
http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.htm
Information Systems, supporting OAI (repositories)
http://oaisrv.nsdl.cornell.edu/Register/BrowseSites.pl
Another way to collect research information from different
information providers is
- information providers -
publish information about research as RDF (maybe DAML+OIL) files
or marked up html files
- Research Knowledge Bases or just CRIS
collect that information by crawlers - software agent
which can analyze content of page, determine if that page relevant, download
it if relevant, find on which pages this page references to, analyze and
download referenced pages
RDF Crawler
by Ontobroker
Some RDF information from this site gathered by
RDF Crawler
Sorry, will appear little later
07 January 2002[Ontologies]
People ontology. General
ontology of people, by their gender, age, occupations, beliefs can be used for
sociological research information systems, Ontology is not expressed in formal
language like DAML + OIL.
07 January 2002[Usage study].
How Do
Physicists Use an E-Print Archive?. D-Lib, Dec-2001. Analysis of use of
e-print services
07 January 2002[Ontologies;tools].KAON
- The Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite. An integrated set of tools
for creation and maintaining of DAML + OIL ontologies, ontology-based
annotation of knowledge, creating RDF, publishing content of relational
databases into RDF. Web layer is planed to be developed. Comment: I already
tried to use Ontomat and found it is rather good
tool for end users, despite some problerms with understanding ontologies and
presentation of big set of instances. Also
REVERSE is excellent tool and I do now anything like it but it does not provide
enaugh flexibility. If they have open API I will integrate my toolset into
REVERSE (to support some operatinal semantic, domain mappings, different
presentation of objects in database, some problems with multiple to multiple
relations and their mapping into relations between resources). I highly
recommend this toolset. Also I used RDF Crawler from the same team and it works
perfectly in creating RDf model from file scattered on the web. I have
application to connec RDF Crawler to Jena RDF toolset and integration with JSP
platform for web site registration-crawling
07 January 2002. [Ontologies;Specific scientific metadata
standard]
An use
of DAML + OIL: an ontology in the ophtalmology domain Application of
DAML + OIL for a heuristic application in the ophthalmology domain. In the
article the real application of DAML + OIL to scientific application is shown
07 January 2002. [Ontologies; distributed information
retrieval; specific scientific metadata standards]Project
TAMBIS. Transparent access to heterogeneous distributed sources of
biological information. Ontology-driven user interface, description logics.
Ontology for biological data. see also. Online demonstration
Baker, P.G., Goble, C.A.,
Bechhofer, S.,
Paton, N.W., Stevens, R. and
Brass, A. An Ontology for Bioinformatics Applications, Bioinformatics, Vol 15,
No. 6, 510--520, 1999.[zipped
postscript 103K] [PDF
270K].
07 January 2002[Ontologies;specific scientific metadata
standards].
Biological Ontology Committee in Japan. A set of
biological ontologies accepted by Japan scientists.
Also a collection of bio-Ontologies
in the world
04 October 2001. (CIDX)
The Chemical Industry Data Exchange has announced a public release of new XML
format for chemical industry (Chemical eStandard). The new transactions
developed include: certificate of analysis, report of testing results, invoice
response, shipment status request, shipment instructions, price and availability
request, and price and availability response.
Announcement,
XML Cover reference page
29 September 2001. EDT-ms.
Metadata Standard
for Electronic Thesis and Dissertations. The set of metadata elements, based
on Dublin Core to describe an electronic thesis and dissertations.
23 September 2001. Vocabulary
Universal Standard Products and Services
Classification (UNSPSC). The vocabulary developed to classify both
products and services throughout the global marketplace. In Current
Research Information Systems vocabulary can be used to describe industrial
relevance of applied research projects and results.
View or search vocabulary,
crosswalk files
10 September.
Ontology of Science(Stanford Protege project) by
Fred Freitas. Ontology for scientific
and education information. Base terms Scientific Document ( 20 subterms),
Organization (6 subterms), Project (3 subterms), Event (12 subterms), Person (15
subterms), Product (1 subterm). Based on KA2 ontology developed by
Knoweldge Annotation
Initiative of the Knowledge Acquisition Community. I generated HTML
presentation of Ontology of Science (using Protege)
HTML
09 September. Some very
specific ontology (algebra, matrix, etc) for science are provided by KSL at
Stanford. Please, look at
Ontolingua
Ontologies part of the Resource Guide
09 September. Guideline
Interchange Format (the last version (Draft 3.4) April 2001, InterMed
Laboratory). Specification for structured representation of medical guidelines.
Allows to describe various types of guidelines and guideline content. Excellent
in description of complicated decission proccesses (like what
to do to cure patient from illness XXX if ... ).
Description of guidelines documents and . RDF Schema , Ontology, UML
diagramms, ER diagramms, GLIF Expression Language (GEL) are provided.
07 September. Preliminary
agenda of
EuroCRIS
10th meeting published at EuroCRIS web
site.
On October 31th 2001 Workshop on CERIF-2000 by
CERIF Task Group.
07 September. RDF Calendar - metadata standard based on
iCalendar , for scheduling, events
and itinerary descriptions. Based on RDF,
RDF Schema for RDF Calendar. The format could serve for describing
itinerary research conferences, scheduling of research projects, etc.
Live data example of RDF Calendar itinerary of
International Semantic Web Working
Symposium(SWWS) you can see at SWWS page. Also
demonstration of
querying calendar data. The development of format and discussions at
RDF Calendar
mailing list.
04 September.
EuroCRIS Newsletter. Edition 6. Editor
Eric Zimmerman. Research Information systems, technologies,
funding opportunities, standards, conferences. Newsletter of
EuroCRIS
03 September.
Math-Net Page
Application Profile 1.1. created 2000-12-07. Application profile for
description mathematic research in web pages. Contains vocabulary for
describing researchers, results, publications. RDF Schema proposed and set of
vocabularies, guidelines how to create pages and process information. Part of
complete
Math-Net Research information RDF Schema. Please, look at
Math-Net + CERIF ontology to see relations between CERIF and Math-Net
terms.
03 September 2001. C. Lagoze,
J.Hunter, "The
ABC Ontology and Model", accepted at DC-2001, Tokyo, October 2001. The ABS
is ontology and framework for describing information resources. Contains
temporality Category, Actuality Category, Abstraction. Could be very
useful for CRIS which support the lifecycle of objects, or object of which might
be changed and how they we changed should be described in CRIS,
actual/non-actual.
03 September 2001. J. Hunter,
"Adding Multimedia to the Semantic Web - Building an MPEG-7 Ontology",
SWWS, Stanford, July 2001. Ontology for describing multimedia information is
proposed. Ontology contain vocabulary of multimedia types and actions over
multimedia content. Can be used for CRIS which contain multimedia
information for presenting research results (especially, technology, exact
science, multimedia for humanity)
02 September 2001. RDFWeb
- Information system for providing access about people and research
of Semantic Web Community. Implemented in two version as an RDBMS
based system and as an RDF based system. As RDF metadata format for describing
RDF researchers and their research.
Sample RDF description of
Dan Brickley. Vocabulary still in flux.
Sample page for
describing researchers and generating RDF.
Simple SquishQL Query to
metadata database
28 August 2001. Issued
MiREG Metadata Framework draft of extensions to Dublin Core Elements
based on the draft UK e-Government metadata standards.
28st August 2001. Issued new
version of Redland RDF
Application Framework 0.9.10. Redland application framework is a set of
tools, interfaces for storing, querying and manipulating
RDF models. Among
other things Java API was added. the application framework is issued by
Dave Beckett, from Institute for Learning
and Research Technology. Institute research in a number of areas very CRIS
related such as
Virtual learning tools and environments,
Digital libraries
1st August.
EPrints 2 Alpha-1 has
been released. EPrints -
self-archiving software, developed at the
Electronics and Computer Science Department of the
University of Southampton, for
e-prints management and publication and fully compatible with
OAI protocol
as a data provider.
29 June 2001. During the ALA 2001 Annual Convention,
NISO, the National Standards Information Organization and BASIC, the Book and
Serial Industry Communications,
jointly presented a forum on the challenges of integrating electronic
journals into library collections and the standards now in development that will
enable publishers and librarians to deliver better access and more information
about these resources. In the presentation of by Brian Green, Managing
Agent BIC/EDItEUR (Book Industry Communication) entitled "Developments in
Metadata: ONIX for Serials", international metadata standard for describing
e-serials, e-publications was presented
L. Hill, S. Crosier, T. Smith, M. Goodchild, "A
Content Standard for Computational Models", D-Lib Magazine, June, 2001. In
the article, the Content Standard for Computational Models (CSCM), metadata
standard developed for presentation scientific computational model is
described.
22nd June 2001.
Ariadne 28,
published. Ariadne is quarterly published
magazine for information science professional in academia, Higher Education.
Philip Hunter, "The Management of Content: Universities
and the Electronic Publishing Revolution." About university sector digital
publication, content management systems (CMS) in the university sector and role
of university publication in the current electronic publishing revolution.
Michael Day. "E-print
Services and Long-term Access to the Record of Scholarly and Scientific Research".
Review of E-print services (free the scholarly and scientific literature).
Metadata for E-Prints
14nd June 2001.
Caltech
Registers Two Repositories with the Open Archives Initiative. Caltech
university registered repositories of conference proceedings and technical
reports.
1st June
2001. The
UK Collection Description Focus
launched (CD-Focus). The aim of the Focus is to develop metadata schemas, tools
for description of collections.
April 2001.
John
S. Erickson, "Information
Objects and Rights Management, A Mediation-based Approach to DRM
Interoperability", D-Lib Magazine. The article discusses architectures and
metadata standards for Digital Rights.
11 Oct 2009. The Defense
Virtual Library (DVL) issued
metadata schemas for
description moving images, still images, sound.
Notification
Metadata Activity
Statement by W3 Consortium.
Metadata
course by European Schoolnet, excellent first introduction to
metadata issues
DIGITAL LIBRARIES: Metadata
Resources, Collection of metadata tools, standards, projects
Metadata.net. Projects, tools, standards
in metadata
IEEE Meta-Data.
Forum in metadata issues, collection of links to metadata events, projects
Metadata. Set of
links to standards, tools, catalogs
An Introduction to
Metadata, Chris Taylor, University of Queensland Library
Schemas-forum metadata
watch. The Metadata Watch is an activity that intends to build a broad and
comprehensive list of projects, programmes, software tools and guidelines that
use -- or describe how to use -- metadata schemas. The SCHEMAS partners will
compile this in collaboration with a network of domain specialists.
General research metadata standards.
(For publication general information about research activities, such terms as
project, researcher, article, university)
Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler,
"Scientific publishing on the 'semantic web'", Nature
Short review of Semantic Web potential for scientific
publishing. Main idea
M. Grotschel, L. Lugger, "Scientific
Information systems and Metadata", Classification
in the Information Age. Proc. of the 22nd Annual GfKl Conference, Dresden,
March 4-6, 1998.
Report of researchers from Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum
für Informationstechnik Berlin about research metadata formats and
vocabularies
Lopatenko A. S. "Current
Research Information Systems. Review" (Russian
only), expanded version of Lopatenko A. S., Kulagin M. V.
"Current Research Information Systems
and Digital Libraries. Needs for integration", to appears in proceedings
of "Digital Libraries: Advanced Methods and Technologies, Digital
Collections", Sep. 2001,
html(rus),
Review of Research Information System projects in
Europe, US and other countries. Having analyzed lots of CRIS(42 articles
of EuroCRIS conferences and others), author describes general CRIS
applications, main technical requirements for CRIS, and implementation
method for CRIS. Main metadata standards for Research and Technology also
described in the article.
Descriptions of dissertations in RDF (Germany)
RDF Schema - Metadatensatz für die Implementierung in RDF
My
Meta Maker for Theses2000
Metadata creation toolset
Math-Net
Page Application Profile 1.1. created 2000-12-07. Application profile
for description mathematic research in web pages. Contains
vocabulary for describing researchers, results, publications. RDF Schema
proposed and set of vocabularies, guidelines how to create pages and
process information. Part of complete
Math-Net
Research information RDF Schema. Please, look at
Math-Net + CERIF ontology to see relations between CERIF and
Math-Net terms.
Math-Net
metadata sets (preprints, researchers' homepages, software, documents
on research)
Math-Net
tools for metadata creation
Home page of this server is tagged by Math-Net schema metadata
elements. You can
see visual description of the page shown by Math-Net metadata tools
KA2 - Knowledge
Acquisition Community Ontology
EDT-ms.
Metadata Standard
for Electronic Thesis and Dissertations. The set of metadata elements, based
on Dublin Core to describe an electronic thesis and dissertations.
EPA Scientific Metadata
Standards Project
EULER Project: European
Libraries and Electronic Resources in Mathematical Sciences
Joint Committee on Atomic
and Molecular Physical Data Exchange Standards (JCAMP-DX)
LBNL EPA Scientific Metadata
Standards Project
RDF Calendar - metadata standard based on
iCalendar , for scheduling, events and
itinerary descriptions. Based on RDF,
RDF Schema for RDF Calendar. The format could serve for describing itinerary
research conferences, scheduling of research projects, etc. Live data
example of RDF Calendar itinerary of
International Semantic Web Working Symposium(SWWS) you can see at SWWS page.
Also demonstration
of querying calendar data. The development of format and discussions
at RDF Calendar
mailing list.
RDFWeb
- Information system for providing access about people and research
of Semantic Web Community. Implemented in two version as an RDBMS
based system and as an RDF based system. As RDF metadata format for describing
RDF researchers and their research.
Sample RDF description of
Dan Brickley. Vocabulary still in flux.
Sample page for
describing researchers and generating RDF.
Simple SquishQL Query to
metadata database
Background about GRIDs,
cut from the ERGO BBS
ERCIM news (April 2001) Special theme: GRIDS:
e-Science to e-Business
Network Common Data
Format (NetCDF)
Planetary Data System (PDS)
DESIRE project
- the project's focus was on enhancing existing European information
networks for research users across Europe through research and development
in three main areas of activity: Caching, Resource Discovery and Directory
Services.
UNIVERSAL
data model - model for describing education (learning)
resources, their scheduling, offers of learning resources,
annotations, requirement to use resources, delivery systems. Developed for
information exchange about learning resources, shared use of
learning resources by european universities. Part of
Universal project. Model
developed by New Media Working Group
of the Department of Information
Systems at the Vienna University
of Economics and Business Administration
DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative)
Education Metadata Set.
IEEE Learning
Technology Standard Committee (LTSC) - IEEE standard to facilitate
the development, deployment, maintenance and interoperation of computer
implementations of education and training components and systems. The
standard LOM (Learning Objects Metadata) was developed
by Committee. Standard
description (draft 7 Nov 1999),
Requirements specification (Learning Object Metadata Framework
19 Nov 1997),
IMS Learning Resource Meta-data Best Practices and Implementation Guide(2001,
Final specification),
IMS Learning
Resource Meta-data XML Binding specification (2001, Final
specification)
European
SchoolNet metadata standard - standard for information exchange about
scholarly resources, based on Dublin Core. Contains vocabularies for
classifying persons, homepages, publications, software and datasets
(results of university projects). Developed by
European SchoolNet
NGfL (National Grid for Learning Scotland) Scotland metadata standard
- Scotland metadata standard, primarily intended for description of
information resources, related to learning, scholarship. Adaptation of
European
SchoolNet metadata standard
eduPerson -
defining an LDAP object class that includes widely-used person attributes
in higher education. Proposal of
Net@EDU. Net@EDU was
created in July 1998 with the merger of the Networking and
Telecommunications Task Force (NTTF) and the Federation of American
Research Networks (FARNET).
Specific
science metadata standards (very special, describing computational
models, geographical data, nuclear particles)
International Mathematic Metadata Task Force (IMU) - comitee
to create a uniform semantic base for metadata for the whole of
Mathematics and to combine existing metadata set for various types of
mathematical resources to form consistent covering all objects relevant
for mathematics
Subject Classification for school and College Mathematics -
thesaurus of mathematical objects by American Mathematic Metadata Task
Force
Base Schema for Mathematic Metadata derived from IMS/LOM schemes
by American Mathematic Metadata Task Force
A number of
documents useful for learning and using metadata for mathematics
by AMMTF
Metadata for mathematic preprints -a set of metadata elements
defined as qualifiers to Dublin Core with HTML embedded encoding (Meta
tags). A part of Math-net application profile
Biological data profile,
October 1999, Biological Data Working Group, Federal
Geographic Data Committee and USGS Biological Resources Division. A
common set of terminology and definitions to describe biological data.
text on FGDC web site,
Biological Data Profile Workbook,
USGC
page for BDP. Application
profile for Z39.50
Spatial
Data Standards for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment SDSFIE.
The SDSFIE have focused on the development
of graphic and nongraphic standards for GIS implementations at Air
Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps installations, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Civil Works activities, and other Government organizations. From
press-release "NCITS 353 is a nonproprietary geographic information (GI)
standard for use with offthe-shelf Geographic Information System (GIS),
Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), and relational database
software. The standard coupled with this software supports comprehensive
master planning, environmental planning, and site planning, engineering,
and lifecycle maintenance for facilities/installations, infrastructure,
and environmental applications."
Usability study for
geospatial data
Some very specific ontology (algebra, matrix, etc)
for science are provided by KSL at Stanford. Please, look at
Ontolingua
Ontologies part of the Resource Guide
The OpenMath standard. Standard for encoding mathematical
information. Result of
Esprit OpenMath
Project and currently is being used by
OpenMath Society. Consist of
standards for mathematical objects encoding and for content
dictionaries encoding. Also
Xuehong Li.XML
and the Communication of Mathematical Objects University of Wertern
Ontario, London Ontario. 1999. Master's Thesis.
OMDoc - Open
Mathematical Documents. Extension of OpenMath and MathML standards,
for description of mathematical documents and formulae, concentrates
on meaning of formulae. XML based standard.
Biological Ontology Committee in Japan. A set of biological
ontologies accepted by Japan scientists.
Also a collection of bio-Ontologies in the world
Content Standard
for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM). The objectives of the
standard are to provide a common set of terminology and definitions for
the documentation of digital geospatial data. The standard establishes the
names of data elements and compound elements (groups of data elements) to
be used for these purposes, the definitions of these compound elements and
data elements, and information about the values that are to be provided
for the data elements.
Content Standard for Computational Models (CSCM). Metadata standard to
describe scientific computational models. Developed in
Alexandria Digital Earth
Prototype (ADEPT), NSF Digital Library II project
Guideline Interchange
Format (the last version (Draft 3.4) April 2001, InterMed Laboratory).
Specification for structured representation of medical guidelines. Allows
to describe various types of guidelines and guideline content. Excellent
in description of complicated decission proccesses
(like what to do to cure patient from illness XXX if ...
). Description of guidelines documents and . RDF Schema ,
Ontology, UML diagramms, ER diagramms, GLIF Expression Language
(GEL) are provided.
ISO Space. Set of ISO data and metadata standards for space data and
information transfer system
Collection descriptions - review of collection description
projects, formats by
Andy
Powell
In this section metadata formats intended for providing
industrial research, technologies, research management, processes are
described. Also metadata formats which can be applied for
industrial research, innovation and research processes are described here.
StraDiWare
- the project supervised by
Prof Keith Jeffery,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. "The aim of the project is to formalize
linkage between business objectives, decision to implement IT systems and IT
systems themselves". The project aimed at IST development lifecycles, but its
well0developed data models, logical models, intentional models,
conceptual models, philosophy and architecture could be useful for iinovation
and industrial research projects.
The Business Process
Management Initiative - initiative to standardize the management of
business processes that span applications, departments.
Epaminondas Kapetanios and Moira C. Norrie,
Semantic Querying of Scientific Data through a Context Meta-data Database,
ERCIM News 35,
In this section metadata standards intended for
providing value-added services are described. It could be collection
description metadata, content rating metadata
Quality
rating in RDF. The report of
Desire.org The report discusses use of metadata for
web-indexing and quality-rating. Could be useful for CRIS with expert
estimation of research results/inputted data, information
systems in innovations.
C. Lagoze, J.Hunter,
"The ABC
Ontology and Model", accepted at DC-2001, Tokyo, October 2001. The ABS
is ontology and framework for describing information resources. Contains
temporality Category, Actuality Category, Abstraction. Could
be very useful for CRIS which support the lifecycle of objects, or object
of which might be changed and how they we changed should be described in
CRIS, actual/non-actual.
Research Methods Glossary - index of terms to describe research
methods of wide set of sciences. Such terms, as Experimental research,
Focus group, Naturalistic paradigm, Statistical significance, Theoretical
framework and others (more then 100) are defined and described in the
index. Developed in project
GOLD -
development of distance learning in UK
American Mathematical
Society (AMS) Mathematics Subject Classification
Search web interface,
or
browseable or in
PDF
Mathematics Subject Classification ATION .
presentation,
review
Vocabulary Universal
Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC). The
vocabulary developed to classify both products and services throughout the
global marketplace. In Current Research Information Systems vocabulary can
be used to describe industrial relevance of applied research projects and
results. View or search vocabulary,
crosswalk files
J. Hunter,
"Adding Multimedia to the Semantic Web - Building an MPEG-7 Ontology",
SWWS, Stanford, July 2001. Ontology for describing multimedia information
is proposed. Ontology contain vocabulary of multimedia types and actions
over multimedia content. Can be used for CRIS which contain multimedia
information for presenting research results (especially, technology, exact
science, multimedia for humanity)
SHOE
- (Simple HTML Ontology Extension).
SHOE is a small extension to HTML which allows to annotate
some knowledge about web page content. SHOW is very simple language for
declaring ontology, defining classification, relationship, inference rules,
categories, etc. SHOE was developed in
Department of Computer Science, University of
Maryland. SHOE specification, tools, SHOE ontology in plain text and
DAML, examples are accessible at
SHOE home page
Computer
Science Department Ontology, v.1.1. by
Jeff Heflin. Ontology for computer science departments, contains a large set
of concept which can be used for most university CRIS for research and education
University
ontology by Jeff Heflin. Ontology for
describing activities of universities, universities, education and research in
universities. Provides a good list of categories, can be used for CRIS
Dublin Core
ontology in SHOE - ontology t deal with Dublin Core described informational
resources. Developed by Sean Luke,
Department of Computer Science, University of
Maryland. Dublin core is not standard for research data specially, but
can be used for basic classification of researchers, projects, university pages.
OIL - "is a proposal for a web-based representation and
inference layer for ontologies, which combines the widely used modelling
primitives from frame-based languages with the formal semantics and reasoning
services provided by description logics. It is compatible with
RDF Schema (RDFS), and includes a
precise semantics
for describing term meanings (and thus also for describing implied
information)." OIL was sponsored by European Community via the
IST projects
Ibrow and
On-To-Knowledge. Tools for ontology
development and reasoning, specifications, publications, case studies at
OIL home page
KA2
Ontology of Knowledge
Acquisition community. Ontology can serve for description of
university and research data. Such terms as Faculty staff, PhD student,
Research project, software, publications, etc are included. Ontology is a
part of distribution of OntoEdit, OntoMat.
Relationships
between KA2 term and CERIF terms, please
SWRC
Semantic Web Research Community Ontology. Ontology for CRIS-like
applications. Includes such classes as Event, Publication, Project,
Organization, Product and numerous subclasses of these
classes. Not very rich in description of each term.
Ontology in Oil from SemantecWeb.org
DAML
Ontologies for Current Research Information systems and Education
DAML (DARPA Agent Markup
Language) - ontology markup language, developed as an extension to XML
and RDF. DAML allows to specify ontologies and markup pages for automatic
knowledge extraction. Last version of DAML are named DAML + OIL. DAML
specifications, examples, tools, ontologies are published at
DAML home page. Short step by step
presentation of DAML project - "DAML
Status and Tools" by Mike Dean
http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.daml
The SWRC (
Semantic Web Research Community Ontology) ontology
models the semantic web research community (its researchers, topics,
publications, tools, etc. and relations between them). This ontology will form
the basis to annotate documents in order to enable semantic access to these
documents
http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/projects/DAML/ksl-daml-desc.daml
Ontology used for
markup for the initial DAML homework assignment. It covers topics of interest to
project pages - people, papers, research programs, etc. It was done in ontolingua and translated into DAML-ONT. It has a companion file - the instance
data file available from http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/projects/DAML/ksl-daml-instances.daml
http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/DAML/onts/cs1.1.daml
An ontology for
describing universities and the activities that occur at them. This is the DAML
version of a SHOE ontology.
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/doc.rdf
Documentation control,
versioning, digital rights management and access control primitives.
http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/DAML/onts/univ1.0.daml
An ontology for
describing universities and the activities that occur at them. This is the DAML
version of a SHOE ontology
http://www.daml-atlas.org/ontologies/atlas-cmu.daml
Main ontology
describing relationships between research groups, research projects, and
individuals (including basic support for bios).
http://ubot.lockheedmartin.com/ubot/2000/10/baby-shoe/shoeproj-ont.daml
A manually generated
DAML translation of the SHOE Project ontology. This ontology was used as a
staring place for annotation of the UBOT website.
http://www.daml-atlas.org/ontologies/cmu-ri-courses-ont.daml
Framework for
describing classes taught at the RI at CMU. Based on the current year's
course list (00-01)
Abstract algebra.
Defines the basic vocabulary for describing algebraic operators, domains, and
structures such as fields, rings, and groups (25 definitions). Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
Basic Matrix
Algebra. This ontology attempts to capture basic concepts in linear algebra,
with emphasis on matrix operations (26 definitions). Accessed in
Stanford KSL Network Services
Chemical crystals.
This ontology describes the different types of crystalline structures of the
substances (121 definitions). Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
Chemical Elements.
103 elements of periodic system. Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
Enterprise
ontology. A collection of terms and definition relevant to business
enterprises(177 definitions). Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
Physical quantities.
Terms for measuring in engineering and physics (28 definitions). Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
Simple geometry.
Basic geometric concepts. (8 definitions). Accessed by
Stanford KSL Network Services
DSpace - a digital archive created to capture and
distribute the intellectual output of MIT. Stable, long-term storage of
documents, with support of different formats, rights management.
An use
of DAML + OIL: an ontology in the ophtalmology domain Application of
DAML + OIL for a heuristic application in the ophthalmology domain. In
the article the real application of DAML + OIL to scientific application is
shown
Project TAMBIS.
Transparent access to heterogeneous distributed sources of biological
information. Ontology-driven user interface, description logics. Ontology
for biological data. see also. Online demonstration
The concept of application profiles. Links to articles 1,
2,
3,
The Semantic
Web: A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will
unleash a revolution of new possibilities
Research
Summary - XML Adoption: Benefits & Challenges
Issues for Science and Engineering Researchers in the Digital Age
Metadata
MetaNet -
A Metadata Term Thesaurus to Enable
Semantic Interoperability Between Metadata Domains
W3 Semantic Web activity
Semantic Web
community portal
Dave
Beckett's Resource Description Framework (RDF) Resource Guide
The SCHEMAS Project provides a
forum for metadata schema designers involved in projects under the IST
Programme and national initiatives in Europe.
Tools for RDF parsing, ontology development, reasoning
SiLRI (Simple Logic-based RDF Interpreter) - Java-implemented
logic-based
engine with RDF support (Frame-logic)
http://www.w3.org/TandS/QL/QL98/pp/queryservice.html escription
SILRI -
http://ontobroker.semanticweb.org/silri/
http://www.ontoprise.de/co_produ_tool4.htm
SWI-Prolog system
http://www.swi.psy.uva.nl/projects/SWI-Prolog/
Good article about it
http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2001/07/25/prologrdf.html
Java RDF API and parsers
http://www-uk.hpl.hp.com/people/bwm/rdf/jena/
S. Melnik's parser somewhere at
http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/ginf/
RDF Query language and engine
http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/rdfquery/
If you are interesting in collecting RDF information scattered on web pages
RDF Crawler could be a good tool for you
http://ontobroker.semanticweb.org/rdfcrawl/index.html
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